I Love College Essay

I Love College by Asher Roth is considered 2009’s college anthem. A dance song about college parties, complete with under-age drinking, possible date rape, and the lack of focus on academics, I Love College is on most teenagers’ iPod playlist, especially the teenagers who are planning on going to college in the fall. I Love College by Asher Roth is not only degrading to women and sends the message to impressionable teenagers that women are only for men’s enjoyment. The lyrics of I Love College are offensive, to say the least, to all college students, not only women. The lyrics imply that all a college student does is go to parties and drink. However, women suffer the most because of these lyrics. This song is a prime example of men taking advantage of women. For example, the chorus of this song details how a college student went to a party, got drunk and high, got a girl â€Å"completely naked†, and did it all over again the next night. This song, because of its catchy beat, sends the message to teenagers that this behavior is acceptable, and it implies that every college student acts this way. The music video for I Love College could be considered more offensive than the lyrics. The music video opens with a man standing up from sitting on a couch, pushing a girl, who is passed out, off of him. The next view the video shows of women is a group of girls, half nude, playing what appears to be strip poker. Throughout the video, Asher Roth kisses many different women, all of them wanting to be near him. The only image of women that viewers get from this music video is women undressing; this is all the women in this video did. To impressionable young people getting ready for college, this video, along with the lyrics, send the message that men are superior to women, and that women are only there for men’s entertainment. The lyrics and music video for I Love College also sends the message that college is for partying and taking advantage of others, not for studying for a career, for a successful future. The lyrics and music video put women in a degrading light, portraying them as toys for men’s pleasure. This sends the wrong message to teenagers. The future of the American society is in trouble if these are the messages young people are getting through the entertainment they love so much.

Tanglewood Stores Case Study

Current Environment Assessment Due to fast growth rate and purchasing of smaller companies, legacy procedures are still found in HR practices among stores. Current polices and procedures managing the human asset must resonant with original mission statement. Competitors The competitor list would be any company that does business in non-durable general retail industry. Specifically, listed in the case study has Kohl’s and Target as competitors but I think that Dillard’s and Saks should also be listed since they align with operating revenue, number of stores and employees.All of these businesses compete for middle to upper income customers. Structure The organization has a tiered hierarchy with multiple levels of management reporting upward while maintaining a participatory management style even down to the departmental managers having the ability to create methods for running the department. Employees There are approximately 215 employees per store. The employees are see n as an essential asset developing and maintaining the values and culture of the organization.Each employee is part of a team and encouraged to suggest operational improvements for the business. Financial rewards are provided to employees with improvements that are chosen for implementation. Leadership shows that every employee is seen as a member of the core work force by offering permanent positions over temporary. Culture and Values The philosophy of the founders is taught at orientation; â€Å"If you tell someone exactly what to do, you’re getting half an employee. If you give omeone the space to make their own decisions, you’re getting a whole person. †Through clear and honest communication (business health or otherwise) plus keeping performance and customer service in forefront, leadership has provided an avenue for employees to be engaged at every level. The process of hiring only dedicated employees on a permanent basis fosters the culture and value of t he company. Human Resource Function 2 level HR process; corporate and store: Corporate level ? analyses data received from individual stores, ? designs policies and programs, sends specific recommendations to the stores (not sure to whom this information flows – it should be the Assistant Manager of Operations and Human Resources) Store level: ? Assistant Manager for Operations and Human Resource staffs the store, trains new hires Recommendations Operations Staff should be consistently managed throughout all stores with a core value with specific policies and procedures with a balance of allowing the continued personalized involvement from the manager.Staff Levels Have a balance between developing current workforce while acquiring key personnel with needed skill set and experience to the higher level core positions. ? Outsource the recruiting and hiring of new employees; use their expertise and compliance tracking capabilities. ? Continue with internal hiring as you develop a nd train the next generation of employees and business success; an employee familiar with company policies is an asset to the company. If current business situations need â€Å"new eyes† look to hiring externally. More companies are catering to the flexible workforce. Provide an environment that has some flexibility as this adds to your benefits of keeping a quality and qualified workforce. ? Create a strategy of cross training using the team environment that is already in place; this will help with minimizing the impact of turnover plus provide a hiring pool as management can have performance evaluations on hand. ? Currently with the size of the business and managing multiple controls;I suggest looking into the benefits of outsourcing the IT department and data analysis locally. Attracting or relocating key personnel through the outsourcing of the potential hiring firm can validate the extent of this need. ? The current position of the business would be to overstaff until it has met the needed results. Once that has been achieved, the business has the ability to develop the extra employees for new roles or let them go. ? I suggest keeping the long-term goals in the forefront while continually measuring the short term goals. The short term goals are easier to reach but it takes focus to keep the business on the long term path. Staffing Quality Multiple levels of job requirements should be identified as minimal tasks to perform; this will aid in the person/job and person/organization match.While some positions may be less task oriented needs, more emphasis would be on necessary personality qualities that adhere to the organization culture and values. ? For your corporate structure I suggest you have specific KSAOs listed as these positions require specific knowledge, skills and abilities. The store manager, assistant store managers and departmental managers should have general KSAOs as their workforce and responsibilities are more apt to have changes on a regular basis. The base of your leadership and management workforce should be exceptional quality the store shift leaders and associates would be listed under the acceptable workforce quality. But with that being said, if you are looking to encourage your staff and have them suggest improvements, there will be some looking to make a career at your organization. You must not lose site that the associates are the first exposure to your customers – if they are not respected or treated well, that will show in their service.I did find a risk with the implementation of improvement suggestions as it is left up to the manager on how it is carried out. The improvement should have metrics assigned and a timeline established for follow up and results provided. ? Actively pursue diversity within your organization; the benefits to this organization will be a well rounded workforce ready to enter into more markets, a deeper understanding of customer needs and the ability to provide oppor tunities for all people.

EU Food Supplement Directive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

EU Food Supplement Directive - Essay Example The directive which took effect in 2005 was also meant to ensure free movement of these products across national borders since there would be harmonised standards of all the supplements. The directive (2002/46/EC) therefore gives important definition on the limits and ingredient for supplements. (Jungbeck, 2004, p. 1) Among the 25 nations which makes up the EU, the EU has put in place directive regarding Dietary supplements which actually reclassifies vitamin supplements as medical drugs and allows for low dosage level in the usage while at the same time it outlaws many other supplements ingredients which are currently unavailable. The EU has therefore created a positive list which mandates some of the dietary supplements which are supposed to be sold in the region. Among the victims of this list has been vitamin E which is widely used by the population. Although this has been turned to legal battle between the health companies and the EU court ruling from the EU courts has given a go ahead in the implementation of the directive. This has been upheld in the sense that it is meant to protect the pupation from the adverse effects of these supplements. The alliance for Natural Health has been one of the umbrella bodies which have taken various measures which are meant to reverse the effect of the directive. It has been calling for the EU to overturn the directive and allow the sale of the supplements to continue. But in 2005 the EU court in Luxemburg gave a ruling which confirmed that the directives were put in place to stay and protect the health of the EU residents. It has therefore been argued that the EU has given the positive list of ingredient which should be used in the supplements and therefore by banning the use of some ingredients, the EU is acting in the interest of the public health. A dietary supplement which is common known as food supplement in the market is a aimed at supplying the important nutrients to the body like vitamins, mineral fatty acids, amino acids and others. Therefore it is usually intended to supplement the supply of nutrient form food especially for the import nutrients which are not supplied in adequate amount in the body. But scientific research has proved that some of the mineral supplement which are used are actual harmful to the body and this has been the main argument of the EU. It has been calling for the continued sale of supplements which are beneficial to the body and banning of those which are not beneficial to the body. The EU directive has shown that there has to prove that the supplements are safe to use both in their quality and their quantity. This is based on the fact that some of the vitamin supplements are very essential when supplied in small amounts but they can be very harmful when the they are supplied in large amount to the body notably among this being vitamin A which is widely supplemented. Therefore the EU directive asserts that it is only those supplements which are deemed safe for the body that are supposed to be sold. The EU has also established that food supplement must not be labelled with drug claims which are contrary to the health concept but which have been widely practiced in many countries in the

U.S Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Essay

U.S Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) - Essay Example By the early 1970s, the problems being created by drug use were severe enough to need more attention, time, and labor to try to sort them out. Therefore, President Richard Nixon created the Drug Enforcement Administration in July 1973 by Executive Order so that a solitary united command to fight the drugs war could be established (DEA, 2008). At its origin, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) had in total two thousand, seven hundred and seventy five employees, this includes a support staff of one thousand, three hundred and five, and the budget was a mere sixty five million dollars in 1972. By 1975, there were four thousand and seventy five employees, with two thousand, two hundred and thirty one special agents. They had an annual budget of one hundred and sixteen million dollars. By the turn of the century in 2000, the administration had nine thousand, one hundred and forty one employees, four thousand, five hundred and sixty six were special agents, and they had a budget of 1,586.6 million dollars. However, by 2007, the Drug Enforcement Agency had an amazing ten thousand, seven hundred and fifty nine employees, five thousand, two hundred and thirty five special agents, with an annual budget of 2.3 million dollars, and have eighty-seven offices in sixty-three countries (DEA, 2008). By 2008 the DEA had eleven thousand employees all together (The Associated Press, 2008). In 2002, more that twenty-six thousand United States citizens died from drug related causes. To put this in perspective, that is seven times larger number of people than those who died in the 9/11 attacks. The money spent on direct drug related costs is enormous, and includes costs for health care and drug treatment programs, costs of services and goods lost to drug related crimes, law enforcement, costs for jails and prisons, and the judicial system costs. Additionally, there are the indirect costs of drug related use and crime are loss of productivity due to ill health or

The Effect of the Revised Large-Scale Retail Stores Law on the Essay

The Effect of the Revised Large-Scale Retail Stores Law on the Japanese Distribution System - Essay Example Wholesalers – Intermediaries or middlemen who buy products from manufacturers and resell them to retailers. They take the same type of financial risk as retailers, since they purchase the products, keep them in inventory until they are resold to retailers, and may arrange for shipment to those retailers. Agents and/or brokers – Intermediaries who work between suppliers and retailers. They do not take ownership of the products they sell and are independent sales representatives who typically work on commission based on sales volume. They can sell to wholesalers as well as retailers. The Japanese distribution system accommodates the cultural and economic concerns of business establishments in Japan. This is such as business relationships are heralded as more important than implementing immediate and profitable business decisions that might trigger a strain in fulfilling social obligations to the participants in the distribution channels. Both Japanese and foreign observers, above all the United States, claimed that such intimate business relationships between an (in comparison to the United States) unusually high number of small players (both retail and wholesale establishments) not only formed a non-tariff barrier to foreign suppliers, but that such business relationships were protected by a legislation (the Large-Scale Retail Stores Law) that was in favor of small-scale establishments. The revision of the statute as demanded by the United States was therefore seen as hopeful solution to â€Å"modernize† the Japanese distribution system (less small-scale operations) and also pave the way for Japanese and foreign suppliers to enter the Japanese market. When Japan surrendered to the American supremacy on August 15, 1945, the Japanese economy was in almost near collapse1 and Japan had to finally accept foreign occupation to

Contemporary responses by the criminal justice system towards victims Essay

Contemporary responses by the criminal justice system towards victims and witnesses of crime - Essay Example Because most of the documented crime reported to the police by victims and/or witnesses, they evidently have a crucial role to play in the process of dispensing justice, especially in those cases where in the accused denies any culpability. Maybe unexpectedly, considering its reliance on the eagerness of victims and/or witnesses to cooperate, the response of the CJS towards victims and/or witnesses has beforehand been described, at least in common law systems, by disregard and every so often by careless and unsympathetic treatment. Nevertheless, recently, a string of victim-oriented programmes has been launched in the United Kingdom. This essay argues that victims and witnesses nowadays enjoy a much greater role and importance in the criminal justice system than in the earlier periods. The investigation by the Victims’ Champion for the Ministry of Justice of the response of the CJS to the victims and witnesses emphasised in its statement: â€Å"A great deal of positive work h as been done to improve the support available for victims and witnesses but there is still a disparity between policy and reality for victims† (Easton & Piper, 2012, p. 188). ... n three phases: the years related to the growth of compensation, 1960-75; the years related to the growth of particular programmes to assist victims and witnesses, 1975-80; and the era from the 1980s when victim assistance initiatives were established and a greater participation of victims and witnesses in the CJS was called for (Easton & Piper, 2012, pp. 188-189; Hostettler, 2009). The support for victims and witnesses in recent times has had two quite distinct features: first, it may be considered a victims’ welfare model, while the other procedure is to grant victims importance to affect results. Victims’ needs were firmly highlighted in Criminal Justice: The Way Ahead. Victims have been granted the opportunity to give a personal report to the court describing the impacts of the crime on their lives. In April 2006, a Code of Practice for the Victims of Crime was ratified (Easton & Piper, 2012, p. 189; Wahidin & Carr, 2013; Dignan, 2005). Nevertheless, in order to dem onstrate how the response of the criminal justice system to victims and witnesses within the criminal justice system has improved in the contemporary period, it is important to look at the victims’ status within the CJS during the earlier periods. In particular, the ‘era of victim disenfranchisement’ emerged in the 19th century, roughly at the same time as the state started to take on the prime obligation for the trial of criminals instead of handing over the task to prosecution bodies, or to victims and witnesses themselves, as in the earlier period (Dignan, 2005, p. 63; Comwell, 2008). According to Comwell (2008), this reassignment of duties co-occurred with the launching of specialised law enforcement, whose duty was to investigate crimes and put alleged criminals on trial. Theoretically,

Choose an allied health profession Research Paper

Choose an allied health profession - Research Paper Example EHOs prevent, investigate, consult, and spread awareness in the community about the importance of maintaining a safe and healthy environment and avoiding health risks. EHOs display a firm understanding of risk assessment, microbiology, food science, environmental technology and science, knowledge and skills about tracing the communicable diseases and controlling them, and study and implementation of legislation associated with environment and public health. EHOs work together with the ministries of government like the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Health, businesses, local municipalities, community agencies and individual community members. The main role of an EHO is to protect the health and safety of the public. EHOs have been traditionally known as sanitary inspectors and inspectors of nuisances. Titles for this job that exist presently include public health officer, and health official. State health authorities or local governments employ t he environmental health professionals to help them enforce the standards of public health. Many EHOs are also employed in the military as well as in the private sector. Jobs related to EHOs that can be found in the advertisements include services of inspection and enforcement, investigation of communicable disease, community planning, environmental health consulting, training in the course of food safety, planning of sewage disposal system, pest control, air quality monitoring, and noise control. EHOs work in a variety of settings. For example, when they have to work as Navy Environmental Health Officers (EHOs), they are required to have a bachelor’s degree at minimum. They are required to prevent and achieve control over the diseases in the populations of Navy and Marine Corps. They are expected to conduct the investigation of ongoing diseases, identify useful methods for the assessment of health-threat, and recognize potential dangers along with developing the countermeasur es for the threats. In the job of Navy, an EHO may be â€Å"[p]roviding guidance to Commanding Officers, Operational/Joint/Coalition Force Commanders and Installation Commanders on food safety, water and wastewater safety, communicable disease control, risk communication, and epidemiological/biostatistic methods of assessing threats† (Navy, n.d.). They have to do considerable amount of fieldwork and many of them are required to travel frequently. Working hours for EHOs are long and irregular. They have to inspect the places and equipment with respect to the standards of health and safety. In the US, the National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) offers the environmental health credentials. â€Å"Founded in 1937 by practitioners who wanted to establish a standard of excellence for the profession, that standard has come to be known as the Registered Environmental Health Specialist or Registered Sanitarian (REHS/RS) credential† (NEHA, 2013). Recently, NEHA has added a computer testing along with a process of online continuing education submission. Numerous professional organizations are conducting research and contributing to the development of the EHOs and through them, the whole society. The Environmental Health Officers’ Association (EHOA) is one of such professional organizations whose objective is promotion of the environmental health and education of the public regarding the issues of

International retailing and marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International retailing and marketing - Essay Example A review of literature has provided a consistent definition of the term International Retailing which is "the operation, by a single firm, of shops, or other forms of retail distribution, in more than one country" (Findlaey and Sparks, 2000: p. 40; Alexander, 1997:p. 27). This definition encompasses several types of company schemes such as the Body Shop and Bally which operates their own stores and franchise arrangements; GIB, Vendex, Aeon and Ahold which operate separate chains of stores internationally; and the IKEA, Sogo and Toys R Us which operate a single chain. Every business move must be thoroughly studied before application and given the complex nature of retailing in an international setting, it would be prudent to conduct a study aiming to determine the necessary scheme to be adapted by the interested company. There are many methods for determining business environment such as the Political, Economic, Social and Technological (PEST) analysis which is mainly concerned on the operating environment and the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis which considers also other competitors already present in the market. These analyses shall be used to determine strategies for a successful entry scheme. Retail companies can opt to establish presence by modes such as direct establishment of stores or franchising. Since any business is an on-going process of learning and growing, many retail companies find it necessary to incorporate strategic factors in their business plan along the way. III. Marks and Spencer: A Background Marks and Spencer PLC is a companyr, established in the late 1800s by a partnership and is currently one of UK's leading retailer of clothing, food, home products and technology. Last 2008, Tthe company employs more than 65,000 people with 339 stores in the UK and 155 stores franchised in 30 countries found in Europe and Asia. It is also involved in financial services such as loans, savings and credit cards. The company made news in 1998 as it posted a pre-tax profit of over than 1.15 billion pounds sterling but later suffered a downfall for several years until 2003. (MarksandSpencer, 2009a) The company operates primarily by producing high quality products carried by a recognized and valued brand name. Products are affordable but not necessarily cheap. The prevailing philosophy for advertising was only by word of mouth which was very powerful as many customers are likely to purchase in the shop favoured by those close to them. This method was also very cost effective as there was no need for expensive adverts. From its inception until 1998, it had the policy of sourcing only from British suppliers and thus endeared them to the British public. Marks and Spencer officially adapted and carried the brand 'St. Michaels' for middle age and young apparel distribution in its stores. Stores are mainly located centrally in capital cities and important venues so that critical mass (number or buyers) can be realized. M&S is in possession of several prime holdings around the globe and is using it to establish presence. The company experimented in internationalisation by exporting its 'St. Michael' line to

In his book Special Providence, Walter Russell Mead laid out four Essay

In his book Special Providence, Walter Russell Mead laid out four foreign policy schools. Choose two of these schools and explain how they have influenced US foreign policy since 1898 - Essay Example is imperative to note that the Hamiltonian and Wilsonian foreign policy schools have had a significant impact in shaping Americas relations with other nations since 1898. Hamiltonian is associated with Alexander Hamilton and its main objective was to focus on industries and commerce (Mead 2013). Ideally, the policy was aimed at opening the US to various economic opportunities abroad. Trade and the process of industrialization have become critical aspects of growth in the US. Through this foreign policy agenda, the US has managed to inform industrial and commercial decisions on a planetary scale effectively making it an economic powerhouse. Secondly, Wilsonian foreign policy school was established as a consequence of spreading values manifest in the US around the world. This policy has been essential in making the US a global leader in terms of instilling the moral values in different parts of the world (Mead 2013). For instance, America is known for propagating for democratic governance, human rights and freedoms of individuals (Mead 2013). Moreover, the policy has played a critical role in propagating capitalistic tendencies around the

MOTIVATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MOTIVATION - Essay Example 2010). As such, motivation is may be referred to as an inner drive, which arouses action or behavior in a particular manner. Motivation is characterized of having three components: intensity, persistence and activation. Intensity is seen in the ability of an individual to have vigor and concentration in pursuing attainment of a given goal. Persistence depicts a continuous effort that individual places in a goal irrespective of the various obstacles that may exist in the process of pursuing this goal. Finally, activation depicts the process or decision of behavior initiation, which is geared towards attainment of the goal. Motivation is characterized of various theories. Drive reduction theory is one of these theories, which argue that people tend to act such that their needs are reduced and a constant psychological state is maintained (Jiming & Xinjian 2013). An example is that, people will eat so that the need for food is reduced. Homeostasis, which depicts maintenance of a constant physiological equilibrium, is a common idea in this theory. The other theory is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, which suggests that people are highly motivated because of the needs hierarchy. The first level is characterized of physiological needs like security, safety, water and food, the second level is characterized of social interaction needs like need to belong, the third level is characterized of self-esteem needs like need for individuals respect, and the fourth level is characterized of self-actualization needs like needs for one to realize his or her full potential. Maslow has a believe that people will only have an attention for higher needs in times when lower needs have been satisfied satisfactorily (Hayenga & Corpus 2010). These needs of people include learned needs and innate needs, which are influenced significantly by culture and society. There are limited innate needs that include elimination of wastes, oxygen, water and food, and numerous learned needs that include power, autonomy, and achievement. The determination of the level of needs among people is based on the values or perceptions, which people may perceive to be essential in their life. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation depicts a motivation facet that is triggered by enjoyment or interest in the task being performed. This motivation exists internally within an individual and does not depend on desires for reward or external pressures such as recognition for the performance (Mirabela-Constanta & Maria-Madela 2011). Intrinsically motivated individuals tend to focus on completion of their tasks in a willingly manner in order to improve their skills level and increase capabilities. People in an organization may be intrinsically motivated in case of: Them attributing the performance results to factors, which are under their control, or autonomy, If they posses self-efficacy beliefs, skills of making them the best agents of attaining the key goals of the or ganization, and Have the ability of mastering the culture and ethics of the organization towards attainment of a better performance. Extrinsic motivation on its own is focused on outcomes of performing a given activity. This indicates that extrinsic motivation is not inherent in an individual, but emerges from outside an individual (C?nar et al. 2011). Examples of common extrinsic motivation include rewards like bonus for an improvement in the performance level of an individual. Another example is competition, which triggers an individual to focus on attaining better results in the field of work in comparison to the other individuals in the same field. Comparing extrinsic to intrinsic motivation

A Touch of Frost Essay Example for Free

A Touch of Frost Essay The first scene we see is of a boy (Billy) walking through the woods at night dusting of his knees. He is very well lit and has a mischievous look on his face also his face is cut. He looks surprised and panicked when the police shout at him and chase after him, once the police have taken him down we get a close up of Billy’s face it’s not until then we realise that the Billy is down syndrome and we begin to feel guilty when he shouts ‘I haven’t done anything wrong ‘we begin to wonder how has Billy done anything wrong when he is a innocent disabled person. The next scene we go to is a shot of Frost and Billy’s father in the corner of a dark room the camera shot used is a high angled shot looking down at the characters this is used to look like the camera is intruding or being nosey. Frost later uses some discriminative/offensive language and calls Billy ‘Mentally subnormal’ Billy’s father corrects him and calls him ‘Handicapped’ Frost discusses that he will have to have someone with him when he questions Billy in case he breaks any of the rules this is discriminative as it means Billy is different and has to have different measures in place for Frost to be able to interview him. The next scene we see is when Frost is interviewing Billy the scene is set in what seems to be a quite dark living room with a wall lamp on which creates a fading light over the set. We see another close up of Billy’s cut up face then there are a series of back and forth shots to give the effect of conversation between Billy and Frost. Frost is very intimidating towards Billy who’s seems paranoid when talking to Frost, we feel sorry for Billy in this scene as Frost makes it very obvious that Billy is responsible for the missing of his friend Trisha. There are a lot of camera shots over Frost’s shoulder aiming downwards towards Billy’s face this is to make Billy seem intimidated and belittled. Frost speaks in a very patronising tone towards Billy as he starts to become very hesitant with his answers Billy’s Dad is in the background of the shot this is to make it look like Billy’s Dad is looking after, supporting and protecting Billy. We are left on a cliff-hanger as we do not get to find if Billy did commit a crime this could make some people feel quite affectionate or sorry towards Billy because of his disability others could take an opposite view on it and they could think that Billy was quite perceiving and cunning and that he shouldn’t be treated or thought of any differently from the rest of us just because he has a disability

What is Personal development plan(PDP)?

What is Personal development plan(PDP)? Introduction Personal development plan is another name of plan of actions. Which we can use to achieve our future goals. We can make the model of our own choice which we can implement in our life according to our future plans. We make plans everyday but do not always write them down, PDP allows you to set your own targets and find best way to achieve them. Definition Personal development plan refers to The creation of an action plan based on a reflection of your personal, career, and academic objectives. (Personal developing planning, Wikipedia) Basic steps To make the PDP work, it depends on, how much benefits we can derive from PDP plan before making the PDP we should keep following points in our minds†¦ †¢ What I am good at †¢ What I need to work on †¢ What could help me along †¢ What might stop me What I need to do? What I need to do it is very difficult question in our daily life. We never think about how we establish our life how can be a successful person. That is why we spend whole life as a normal person nobody knows us and we bury in grave. Who is successful? Does rich or luck is important in success? Luck is not important in a successful life. But money plays an important role if person knows how to utilise it. But if person does not have both ingredients he should have passion, energy and enthusiasm to achieve oriented goals. How could compete and manage things in life. One and only key to be successful â€Å"Set a goal, Take risk then dive into the situation there is more chances to achieve it† My plan â€Å"Invest without boundaries within world markets† Now days it is simple to get good profits with low investments. Trade in international markets and start with low investments. But first of all should have knowledge of markets. How markets could behave? What are factors which can be good or bad in markets? What is the best time to invest and what time is for sale? Good time to invest? It is recession time and share prices falling sharply. It could be the good time for investment. The world economy is a volatile place right now. Stocks markets going downward frequently and it is down almost 40% on the year. Right now stocks low across the board. It could be a buying opportunity for those who have a longer investment plans. Because long time for shares to gain value. (cashmoneylife.com) Invest with the plan Never invest blindly. Always make the plans what you want to achieve for short term or long term. Otherwise it can be disaster. Make plans. Like †¢ How market is behaving in the start †¢ A specific company. What are Directors activities? †¢ What is the target? where need to enter or leave the market †¢ How is company behaving throughout the year? profit or loss †¢ Should have maximum information about the company †¢ Is it time for buy or sale †¢ Never be greedy always follow the numbers Products: Investment options Stocks and shares Shares are the most common and well known form of investment in the world. In simple terms, buying stocks or equity gives part ownership or a ‘share in a business. The more shares buy, the greater stake of the business own, and the more influence can have in how its run. In return for investing in the business, receive dividends and share in the growth of the company. And receive loss if share value will shrink. There are two main types of shares: ordinary and preference. Ordinary shares usually entitle you to vote at shareholder meetings and receive dividends, which are a proportion of the companys post-tax profits. Preference shares have priority for repayment over ordinary shares when it comes to dividends and entitlement. Remember one more thing shares value can fall as well as rise and should prepared to lose the investments. Financial spread trading (FST) Financial Spread Trading (FST), also known as Spread Betting, is a high-risk, high reward activity. It offers a tax efficient way of trading a wide variety of products across the global financial markets. Its a versatile tool that can help you to profit from both up and downward movements in prices. FST account you can bet on a variety of instruments including major indices, currencies, commodities and individual equities quoted on leading exchanges. FST can be traded online or on the phone. †¢ No direct commission or stamp duty †¢ Ability to bet on markets going short as well as up †¢ Leverage deposit only a fraction of the contract value Contract for difference (CFD) CFD is a leverage product and provide a way to trade on the price movements of a wide range of assets including equities, indices, currencies and commodities without the need to buy and hold the underlying asset directly. Although they are traded in a similar way to ordinary shares, CFD can be used to speculate on upward or downward price movements, making them a flexible alternative to traditional trading. With CFD trading dont need to pay the full price of the asset, allowing maximize stake for only a fraction of the capital outlay would need to buy or sell the asset directly. (Stockbrokers.barclays.co.uk/products) â€Å"Be fearful when others are greedy, and be greedy when others are fearful† (nytimes.com, by Warren E.) Reference: Nytimes.com stockbrokers.barclays.co.uk Wikipedia.org/wiki/motivation cashmoneylife.com

Food and Nutritional Requirements for Dogs

Food and Nutritional Requirements for Dogs INTRODUCTION Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are the most popular pet species in Britain, excluding fish (PFMA, 2014), and as such there are a wide variety of stakeholders in dog welfare, ranging from the owner and veterinarian to insurance companies and animal welfare charities (Buckland et al., 2013). The pet food business is a multi-million pound industry which aims to produce adequate foodstuffs for pets in terms of nutritional content, but also aims to turn a profit as in any other trade (Thompson, 2008; FEDIAF, 2012). As such, the nutritional quality of pet food varies between brands and the usage of non-meat sources of protein has been questioned (Hilton, 1987). This paper aims to highlight the carnivorous origins of domestic dogs, review their major protein, vitamin and mineral requirements including some of the issues pertaining to inadequate pet food nutrition and develop a conclusion to the hypothesis: dogs can survive on a ‘vegetarian’ diet. TAXONOMY AND EVOLUTION All dogs, Family Canidae, are members of the Order Carnivora and possess the enlarged carnassial teeth associated with the carnivorous diet characteristic of this taxon (Wang et al., 2004). Carnivora is split into two suborders: Feliformia, which includes felids, and Caniformia which includes canids. The Suborder Caniformia is then further divided into two sister subfamilies: Cynoidea, which includes Canidae, and Arctoidea which includes the Mustelidae, Procyonidae, Ursidae and Pinnepedia. Canidae is reported to be the earliest diverging family of the Caniformia, approximately nine million years ago (Wayne O’Brien, 1987) and currently hosts 34 extant species of wolf, dog and fox. Domestication of dogs has been traced back approximately 15,000 years, with the earliest known C. familiaris fossil dating back 14,000 years (Sablin Khlopachev, 2002). The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was almost certainly the precursor species of the domestic dog, based on mitochondrial DNA sequencing (Garcia-Moreno et al., 1996). Studies on grey wolf diet have shown it to be a primary carnivore which is highly adaptable to variations in prey, whereas domestic dogs have a much wider tolerance of different food types, facilitated by the adaptation of three genes involved in starch metabolism (Axelsson et al., 2013). Distinctive breeds appear to have diverged approximately 3000-4000 years ago (Harcourt, 1974; Clutton-Brock, 1984), with the greyhound being one of the most ancient breeds, however modern domestic dogs are known to exhibit similar foraging behaviours to their wild ancestors (Bradshaw, 2006). The variation in size and therefore energy requirements of breeds within dogs is the largest of any mammalian species (Lauten, 2006). Therefore pet food must accommodate not only differences in breed and size, but also other factors such as age, activity, reproductive status, environment and health (FEDIAF, 2013). PHYSIOLOGY Cats are described as obligate carnivores because protein is metabolised for energy as well as functioning in structural and synthetic processes (Zoran, 2002). In contrast, dogs can survive on an omnivorous diet by adjusting the catabolism of protein within the body when fed a low-protein diet, and can metabolise glucose from higher concentrations of carbohydrate thereby reducing the need for proteinaceous energy (Zoran, 2002). Dogs are unable to synthesise ten essential amino acids which are required for the synthesis of protein within the body for structural and metabolic processes (Lotspeich, 1949). Therefore protein is in essential component of the diet, providing a vital source of essential amino acids. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS For adult dogs, the minimum recommended level of protein within dry matter food is 18g/100gDM. For pregnancy and early growth stages, i.e. puppies under 14 weeks old, this requirement is increased to 25g/100gDM. Above 14 weeks old, but still before adulthood, a minimum of 20g/100gDM is recommended (FEDIAF, 2013). With every 1%DM increase in protein, an extra 0.01g of arginine is recommended (NRC, 2006). Pet food manufacturers are required to meet these minimum recommended amounts of dietary nutrition for the target consumer animal they are producing for (FEDIAF, 2013); this means that owners have peace of mind when choosing a diet for their dog, knowing that it is nutritionally balanced. However, constituents of pet food must meet optimal criteria for nutrition, palatability, digestibility and be economical (Thompson, 2008). If a food is too expensive, owners are likely to resort to a lower cost food or feed their dog upon scraps which increases the risk of an unbalanced diet and imp roper nutrition (Coffee et al., 1980). Table 1: Popular and premium dog food constituent comparisons. Prices with a sourced from Tesco (2015) or b from Petplanet (2015), dashes indicate no data. Dog Food Brand Dry/Wet Crude Protein (%) Fat (%) Crude Ash (%) Fibre (%) Moisture (%) Cost ( £/kg) Source Bakers Complete Tasty Beef Dry 21.0 10.0 8.0 2.5 2.66a Bakers (2015) Ceser Can with Chicken and Turkey Wet 9.0 5.0 0.3 83.0 3.73a Tesco (2015) Hi Life Feed Me with Turkey and Chicken Dry 21.0 7.0 3.0 21.0 2.50a Tesco (2015) Iams ProActive Health Adult Small Medium Breed Dry 26.0 15.0 7.4 3.0 8.0 2.50a Iams (2015) James Wellbeloved Adult Fish and Rice Dry 21.5 10.5 7.3 3.1 2.79b James Wellbeloved (2015) James Wellbeloved Adult Turkey and Rice Wet 6.5 4.0 1.5 0.5 81.0 4.66b Pedigree Complete Adult with Chicken Dry 21.0 13.0 3.0 12.0 2.50a Pedigree (2015) Pedigree Complete Puppy Nutrition Chicken and Rice Dry 28.0 16.0 2.5 12.0 2.33a Pedigree with Beef In Gravy Wet 7.0 5.5 0.5 81.0 1.50a Royal Canin Giant Adult Dry 28.0 20.0 5.2 1.8 8.0 2.93b Royal Canin (2014) Royal Canin Medium Adult Dry 25.0 14.0 5.9 1.2 9.5 2.93b Royal Canin X-Small Adult Dry 24.0 18.0 5.7 1.7 9.5 5.66b Tesco Everyday Value Beef Chunks in Gravy Wet 6.5 4.0 2.0 0.5 81.5 0.81a Tesco (2015) Tesco Everyday Value Complete Dog Food Dry 21.0 8.5 3.0 0.59a Wafcol Vegetarian Dog Food Dry 20.0 5.0 7.0 6.0 1.73b Petplanet (2015) DOG FOOD CONSTITUENTS Complete dog foods are those which are nutritionally balanced and suitable to be fed daily (FEDIAF, 2013). They meet the minimum FEDIAF standards and do not exceed maximal recommendations where stated (e.g. lysine during growth), although differences in protein, fat and carbohydrate ratios are seen among brands with cost typically increasing with protein content (Thompson, 2008), as described in table 1. Traditional dog foods use meat protein sourced from cuts of meat, viscera or meat meal and may be packaged in cans or within cereal based dry kibble which is treated with meat flavours to improve palatability (McGrane, 2006). Extrusion is a technique used in the production of about 95% of dry pet foods in order to improve the palatability and utilisation of protein through heat treatment (Bednar et al., 2000; Tran et al., 2008). Processing of soybeans is carried out to remove toxins such as lectin and protease inhibitors but also destroys the naturally high concentrations of B vitamins such a thiamine (Gregory, 1985; Hilton, 1987; LebiedziÅ„ska Szefer, 2006). Dietary protein may come from either animal or vegetable sources (NRC, 2006), with a huge increase in the usage of soybean products (ground soybeans, soy flour, soy hulls, soybean oil and concentrate) reducing production costs of pet food and facilitating the anthropomorphic ‘vegetarian’ diet which some owners are feeding their pets (McGrane, 2006). However, Kienzle Engelhard (2001) found that only two of the twelve commercially available foods investigated in their European study provided adequate nutrition according to recommendations set out by AAFCO, mainly on the basis of protein concentration. As shown in table 1, the vegetarian food had the lowest percentage of protein, and it has been suggested that the vegetable products those diets are made up of may not contain the correct balance of amino acids neccessary for a healthy dog (Coffee et al., 1980; Hilton, 1987). For example, arginine, which is required for optimal growth in young dogs and plays an intermediate role in the urea cycle (Burns et al., 1981; FEDIAF, 2013), cystine and methionine, both implemental in coat condition, are all naturally abundant in animal tissue (Wu Morris, 1998). The levels and source of dietary protein and the form it is delivered in can have significant effects on the health of a dog. For example, diets low in protein can cause hypoproteinemia (a low concentration of albumin and total protein in the blood) leading to edema (Weech et al., 1935) or pancreatitis in high-fat, low-protein diets (Lindsay et al., 1948). Zhao et al. (1997) demonstrated that assimilation of protein into the gut is limited by digestibility, which in turn is affected by the form of protein with a food. If the source of protein available within the food is intact, around 40% remains undigested but available within the ileum four hours after a meal. In comparison, hydrolysed proteins (those which have been broken down into constituent amino acids) have an absorption rate of over 70% within an hour in humans (Chung et al., 1979). EFFECTS OF A VEGETARIAN DIET Diets reduced in meat and fish are most often fed to dogs due to owner preference as opposed to health reasons; in studies recruiting pets fed vegetarian diets all owners report being vegetarian themselves (Kienzle Engelhard, 2001; Michel, 2006; Rothgerber, 2014). The reported effects of a vegetable-based diet for dogs are variable due to the low incidence of vegetarian dogs in the population and the lack of long term studies (Kienzle Engelhard, 2001). Some diets are strictly vegan and supplemented with vitamins and minerals, whereas others are more lenient and treated with meat-based products in order to increase palatability (Michel, 2006). In a study carried out across Germany, Switzerland and Belgium (Kienzle Engelhard, 2001), nutrient intake of 86 dogs fed a vegetarian diet was investigated through owner interviews and blood samples. The study found that protein intake was not sufficient in over half of those dogs tested, 62% showed sub-optimal calcium levels, 73% showed insufficient sodium intake and deficiencies in zinc, iron and vitamin D were also common. In a separate study, zinc deficiency caused by phytate, a zinc-binding molecule present in soybean meal, led to the development of skin conditions in puppies fed on a soy based diet (Sanecki et al., 1982). The high fibre content associated with vegetable and cereal foods can cause bowel irritation by affecting gastrointestinal motility and absorption of nutrients (Bueno et al., 1981; Earle et al., 1998). Proteins play a vital role in the condition of a dog’s coat, particularly those high in methionine and cystine amino acids because they synthesise keratin (Dethioux, 2008). Complete dog food diets contain these amino acids in suitable concentrations through meat protein, however vegetarian diets show a marked deficiency in these amino acids, and soy protein has a proven negative effect on serum lipids (Anderson et al., 1995); therefore the dog may suffer from alopecia and depleted coat condition when on a plant-protein diet (Dethioux, 2008). Thiamine is a vital part of carbohydrate metabolism and deficiency can severely affect parts of the body which have high energy requirements, such as the brain (Markovich et al., 2013). Clinical signs of thiamine deficiency may take weeks to develop, but will be characterised by a progressive loss of normal motor function such as a head tilt, falling and lack of coordination, ultimately ending in seizures and death if untreated (Markovich et al., 2013). Furthermore, soy has been identified in controlled studies as an important allergen, although incidences of soy allergies were significantly lower than those relating to beef and dairy (4.7% and 34.2% respectively) (Wills Harvey, 1994). Treatment for amino acid, vitamin and mineral deficiencies involve feeding a balanced nutritional diet appropriate for the dog’s size, age, activity level and health, which in a vegetarian diet is possible through the addition of supplements (Michel, 2006). CONCLUSION Proteins from non-meat sources are harder for dogs to digest and therefore are of less nutritional value than meat. While dogs can survive on this diet, the lack of sufficient protein and other dietary constituents such as vitamins and minerals will lead to improper nutritional value which can ultimately affect the health of the animal. From a manufacturer’s perspective, it is possible to create a vegetarian pet food which complies to AAFCO standards of nutritional content, however the economic savings of not using meat are offset by the need to add supplements and highly refined components to improve palatability and digestibility. For the owner, although they may feel less guilt by feeding their pet a vegetarian diet, they must feed a greater quantity to achieve similar levels of protein and nutrients within the animal (Rothberger, 2014) and the general healthy appearance of their pet is often diminished (Dethioux, 2008). Although dogs can survive on a diet of vegetarian-bas ed protein, the natural instincts of a hunting animal still exist from the ancestral wolf and given the opportunity a dog will forage for alternative sources of food (Bradshaw, 2006). The general literary consensus remains that dogs are opportunistic feeders within the Carnivora, and their physiology shows a preference for ingesting and digesting meat protein (Hilton, 1987).

The Form of Non-Traditional Blazon Essay -- Shakespearean Literature

In the sixteenth century, poems in blazon format were very popular. Blazon is a technique that â€Å"described the position and relation of one picture to another†. (The Overview of â€Å"Sonnet 130†, Woolway). This technique was to illustrate the main features of the subject, usually a female body. Popular blazon would start from the bottom to the top of the body. For example, like hair, eyes, lips, breasts, and so on. Occasionally, it would start from the bottom to top, starting with feet, legs and so on. Woolway points, â€Å"This form was well suited to the style of courtly love poetry that was flourishing at the time, as it allowed writers to project an idea of an idealized and distant woman whose features they could admire from afar† (The Overview of â€Å"Sonnet 130†). From the beginning, readers could easily define the subject Shakespeare portrays. The Mistress was detailed in humorous tone, which negates the typical blazon. The striking first four lines of the poem contradict the common blazon. Traditionally, blazon is to compliment and praise the subject’s features, and not to insult, which in this case, the Mistress. However, Shakespeare does not ignore the format and goes forth describing her from head to toe. Shakespeare started the first four lines picturing the Mistress’ eyes, lips, breast and hair. Symbolically, eyes, lips breast and hair are essential clichà © features of a female beauty. Nevertheless, from his intense sketch of her features, he portrayed that she does not carry any representation of beauty. From the simile in line one; Shakespeare negates the comparison of the Mistress to the sun: â€Å"My Mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun;† (Woolway). Line two to three mentions the shades like red cor al, and â€Å"dun†. Coral is a fami... ...simile and metaphor brought enriching imagery to the readers. The poem was written with insults and mockery, but with the unexpected flattery showed the author’s love for the Mistress and his poetic practices of love through volta. Works Cited Napierkowski, Marie Rose. â€Å"Overview: ‘Sonnet 130.’† Poetry for Students 1 (1998): n. pag. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 23 Mar. 2012. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Sonnet 130.† Literature: A Portable Anthology. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. 467. Print. â€Å"Volta.† Merriam Webster’s Encyclopedia of Literature. Springfield: Merriam-Webster, 1995. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 23 Mar. 2012. . Woolway, Joanne. â€Å"An overview of â€Å"Sonnet 130†.† Poetry for Students: n. pag. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 23 Mar. 2012.

Michael Collins :: essays research papers

â€Å"Michael Collins the Man Who Made Ireland†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Michael Collins the Man Who Made Ireland† is a biography written by Tim Pat Coogan. Tim Pat Coogan is a famous author who was asked to write the biography by his former teacher Fr Michael O’Carroll. During the author’s childhood he was not told anything about Michael Collins. He learned it was a name that either people admired or hated. The reason for this was that some people think of Michael Collins as the man who gained Ireland’s independence, while others did not like it when he signed the Anglo-Irish Treaty in December, 1921, allowing the British to keep Northern Ireland and were against him for betraying Northern Ireland. When Coogan began his research he discovered that Collins was the founder of modern guerrilla warfare. Also, rulers, such a Mao Tse Tsung of China, had studied Collins tactics. Collins started out with just a small force of eleven men but managed, with all odds against him, to make one of the most powerful empires agree to Ire land’s independence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book is all history and is very accurate in its telling of Michael Collins life. The book is so precise and it mentions so many people’s names it almost hard to keep track of who they are. This book has helped people learn more about the fight for the independence of Ireland and about a national hero who should never be forgotten. In my opinion this book was great and I learned many interesting facts. I would only recommend this book to people who are interested in learning about the fight for Irish Independence and Michael Collins. The reason is because the author at times gives too much detail that is not essential to the story and that makes the book a little boring. The most memorable part of the book is the way that Collins fought the British with so few men and supplies. Most of the men only had revolvers and pistols. His squads had eleven men or fewer yet they went up against much larger numbers of troops that were heavily armed. I was amazed wi th the intelligence network Michael Collins set up to spy on the British. He used the information from his network to plan where and whom his assignation squads would hit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The difference between De Valera and Michael Collins was very interesting to me because of the way it played out.

Forensic Evidence is Vital to Criminal Investigations Essay -- Forensi

At every crime scene there is evidence and evidence is the vital part of crime scene investigation. From the time an officer arrives on the scene until a conviction of the perpetrator evidence is the key element in determining the guilt or innocence of those accused. A poorly conducted crime scene investigation can sometimes either destroy evidence or render it useless. The possibility of tainted evidence, miss-handled evidence, or lack of evidence, the guilty can go free or the wrongful convicted. When someone is convicted or acquitted wrongly it has an adverse effect on the entire criminal justice system. Evidence can range from body fluids, to weapons, to witnesses and DNA. Understanding and implementing the proper logistics of crime evidence and the proper use of forensic technology is the key. Evidence can not only establish the facts of an offense and identify the offender; it may even lead to a conviction. A Crime Scene Investigator must first approach the crime scene as if it is their only opportunity to protect and retrieve physical evidence. There are special technics and tools that crime scene investigators use to retrieve, preserve, and label all types of evidence (for lists of Crime Scene Equipment see Appendix A). The general protocol for crime scene investigation, processing, and analysis involves five basic steps: interview, examine, photograph, sketch and process (Berg, 2008). When looking at the crime scene it needs to be looked at with fresh eyes and without a prejudiced opinion of what happened, how it happened, or who might have done it. A conclusion may be based solely on the evidence and so an investigators integrity and judgment, gathering the evidence, maybe what stands between a conviction and a dis... ... National Institute of Justice. (2007, October). Forensic Databases: Paint, Shoe Prints and Beyond. Retrieved March 3, 2012, from NIJ Journal No. 258: http://www.nij.gov/journals/258/forensic-databases.html North Carolina General Assembly. (n.d.). Admissibility of Forensic Evidence. Retrieved March 5, 2012, from Article 7 C .8 58.20: http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_8/GS_8-58.20.html North Carolina General Assembly. (n.d.). Evidence Code Article 1. Retrieved March 5, 2012, from Chapter 8c-1.: http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/ByChapter/Chapter_8C.pdf North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation. (2010, January). Evidence Guide. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http://www.iape.org/manuals/No%20Carolina%20Evidence%20Guide%20(2010).pdf Siegel, L. J. (2011). Criminal Justice. Belmont: Wadsworth.

Special Needs Children Being Educated in Mainstream School

For many old ages at that place has been argument whether kids with particular demands should travel to mainstream school. Two decennaries ago kids in mainstream school would ne'er hold encountered a kid with particular demands. In the 1980 ‘s many particular school were closed down. John Macbeath one of the writers described it as a signifier of maltreatment for some kids and that they are more likely to acquire expelled, and instructors were go forthing the profession because they could non get by. All kids including those with particular educational demands have the right to an appropriate instruction. The demand of the single kid should be see when determinations are being made. The parent are entitled and should be enabled to play an active portion in the determination devising procedure. Their wants should be taken into consideration. A new authorities study is being interpreted as announcing reversal of policy over how particular needs kids are educated. The study suggests that the figure of particular school will non be reduced any farther ; alternatively they will be encouraged to associate with mainstream schools. The aspiration of the particular educational demands division is that every kid with particular educational demands reaches their full potency in school and can do a successful passage to maturity. To advance the public assistance and involvements of a particular needs kid an improve the support they receive, there are sites that provides a broad scope of advice and stuffs for instructors parents, local governments and other working with particular demands kids in England. John Macbeath think that other kids lost out as staff devoted their clip to particular demands kids, parent felt betrayed as their kids educational demands went unmet and the kids sunk into a spiral of misbehavior that frequently ended in ejection. Steve Sinnott the brotherhood ‘s general secretary said that inclusion has failed many kids ; Teacher ‘s supported the thought in rule, but felt allow down by the practise. Lord Adonis, the school curate, went on to state kids should be taught in mainstream schools, if this is what their parent privation and it is non incompatible with the efficient instruction of the other kids. David Willets, the shadow instruction secretary said the study should take the authorities to rethink on its inclusion policy. The tendency for an increasing figure of particular demands kids to go to mainstream school has been a success and widely seen by parents and kids as the preferred option. The authorities and the local governments had some drawback, because they thought it would be excessively much money to supply the installations and trim tuition for those kids who need it. That is non a good ground for turning back. Some schools are loath to suit kids with particular demands they think that the school could be drag down. The policy of suiting kids with particular demands in mainstream school has merely started to do a difference. Some kids will stay in particular school. But the pick should chiefly be one for parents. It should non be forced upon them by the local governments or target-hungry caput instructors seeking to curtail their school ‘s consumption. In many states there is small contact between particular needs school ‘s and mainstream schools. However, the state of affairs is get downing to alter. In 1983 the first traveling instructors who have some specialist preparation began working with particular need kids in mainstream school. Mainstream instructors were non trained to work with going instructors and this make it hard for the going instructors to supply effectual support. The authorities created an instruction policy in 2001 yet there is no counsel on the development, taking a mainstream school may besides offer the advantages of the school being nearby. With the possibility of blending with the same kids and households out of school. Childs can be offered significant aid in mainstream school both with and without statements of particular educational demands. With the strengthening in 2001 of parents right to mainstream topographic points for their kids. There are more particular demand kids go toing mainstream school and in add-on all schools have more responsibilities to do themselves accessible to and to supply accommodation for kids with particular demands. The different between mainstream and particular school is a legal 1. Harmonizing to the commission, those with particular educational demands are being sidelined. It besides claims the authorities inclusion policy, learning students in mainstream schools wherever possible is doing confusion about whether this means, shuting particular schools. One point five three million kids in England are judged to hold particular educational demands. The commission recommends more mainstream and particular school connection in federations to portion thoughts. Barry Sheerman, the commission president say many of the job identified in their study root from the fact that particular educational demands proviso has non been given sufficient precedence by consecutive authorities. The criterions varied widely ; there is a high degree of satisfaction out at that place, about 90 per centum. The commission argues that mainstream schools need to make good in conference tabular arraies, means some are unwilling to accept particular demands kids for fright of detrimental mean trial consequences. Regardless of the theory, the grounds clearly demonstrates that particular instruction demand and the raising achievement agenda sit really uncomfortably together at present. Reacting to Lord Adonis, the demands of the kid should come foremost and the penchant of the parents should be given really great consideration. The Government ‘s instruction policy if focused on assisting all kids releases their possible. They are committed to develop an instruction services that provides equal chance and high accomplishment for all kids. The particular educational demand codification of practise drama an of import function in presenting that committedness. The particular educational demand and disablement act 2001 provides a model for developing the strong partnership between parents, schools, local instruction governments, wellness and societal services and voluntary administration that are important to success in taking barriers. They are all confident that the codification of practise will construct on the success and aid raise the accomplishment of all kids.

What Is an American

Brian Menezes 02/27/2013 ENG 98 Critical Summary Critical Summary of â€Å"What is an American? This historical perspective relates an important theme of the way that Americans are defined in â€Å"What is an America† by Jean De Crevecoeur. By using European cultural integration within the theme of being â€Å"American†, Crevecoeur essentially reveals how opportunity has made America a nation of many cultures and ethnicities. In being a new nation that could welcome the destitute of Europe to begin new lives, early America becomes the `dream' of wealth and prosperity for those that have the ourage and industriousness to be pioneers. This historical perspective is worth reading due to the information gathering techniques used by Crevecoeur in relation to the American Dream. † Upon reading Crevecoeur's â€Å" What is an American†, one will notice that the Frenchman's opinion of the United States is quite high, to say the least. In explaining his love for Ame rica, and what he feels it means to be â€Å"an American†, Crevecoeur draws comparisons between Europeans and Americans. One of the first points he brings up is the diversity of your typical American. They are a mixture of English, Scotch, Irish, French, Dutch, Germans, and Swedes. † (page 301). Crevecoeur believes that this melting pot, and the â€Å"strange mixture of blood† among colonists, is partially responsible for what makes America such a progressive and diverse nation. In addition, Crevecoeur praises those that live in the middle settlements for their â€Å"indulgences in government† (page 304), knowledge of religion, and desire to be citizens involved with the government. Europe, on the other hand, is lacking in these types. â€Å"What do I say? Europe has no such class of men; the early nowledge they acquire, the early bargains they make, give them a great degree of sagacity. † (Page 304). Crevecouer also believes that America offers to even the misfortunate a chance to attain wealth and happiness. â€Å"Can a wretch who wanders about, who works and starves, whose live is a continual scene of sore affliction or pinching penury, can that man call England or any other kingdom his country? â€Å", â€Å"a country that had no bread for him†¦ â€Å", â€Å"who met with nothing but frowns from the rich†¦ â€Å", â€Å"No! urged by a variety of motives, here they came. † (page 302).Opportunities are, according to Crevecouer, more abundant in America. This is why so many chose to emigrate here in the first place. In summary, â€Å"What is an American? † has presented characteristics of an American as enjoying freedoms and dignities absent in other continents, a descendant of a mixed European race, and an industrious and knowledgeable people in sciences and arts. Though a descendant of western pilgrims, Americans are unified people in a continent that allows them equitable rights and freedoms t hrough modern laws, political and economic systems, and social structures.

Quality Metal Service Center Essay

The key issue in the case is that the incentive compensation system does not motivate district managers to make decisions which are consistent with the strategy of Quality Metal Service Center (QMSC) because it is tied to the district’s target ROA. Acquiring the new processing equipment reduces the incentive bonus of the Columbus District Manager, Mr. Ken Richards, from 11.1% to 4.28% of his base salary. This happens because the asset base increases with the new equipment and will exceed the target for 1992. This may motivate him to not proceed with the purchase even if the proposal of the Sales Manager, Ms. Elizabeth Barret, shows that the acquisition results to a positive NPV and thus, should be sent to the home office for approval. To solve the issue, QMSC should use EVA instead of ROA as the measure of district and manager performance. Since EVA is the best proxy for shareholder value at the business unit level, improving EVA will also improve the company’s overall performance. The managers’ district objectives will then be congruent with the company’s overall objectives. This will induce Mr. Richards to employ additional assets which will promote the growth of both the Columbus district and QMSC, such as the one in Ms. Barret’s proposal. The purchase of the new processing equipment is also in line with the company’s objective to develop techniques and marketing program that would increase market share in identified industries and geographic markets of specialty metal users. Having the equipment will allow QMSC to provide the demand for processed metals in the Columbus District with a short lead time, addressing the concern of potential customers. Another aspect of the issue that needs to be looked into is the decision on what assets should be included in the investment base and what expenses should be charged from profits. QMSC includes land, warehouse buildings, and equipment at gross book value in its investment base. This results to an EVA that signals a decrease in profitability during the early years of the assets when in fact, profits increased. It will be better for the company to use annuity depreciation so that the profitability calculations will show the correct EVA. Leased buildings and equipment are also part of the asset base. This motivates managers to lease rather own assets whenever the interest charge that is built into the rental cost is less than the capital  charge that is applied to the investment base. Thus, the head office must think carefully before approving the leases of the districts as the managers might just be using it to window dress their performance. QMSC also includes inventory and accounts receivables, without subtracting standard accounts payable, using average values for the period. This is a good practice because these are representative of the assets used during the period and thus, conceptually a satisfactory measure of the amount that should be related to profits. On the other hand, QMSC’s computation for district profits is a fair approach because it only considers expenses that can be controlled by the district managers.

Successful Online Distance Learning

Successful Online Distance Learning The advent of technology has enabled most universities to provide distance learning capabilities. California Intercontinental University provides technology enabled distance education in a convenient manner. I made a decision to enroll in an online program to achieve my Doctor of Business Administration degree to advance my career forward. I am fully aware that, pursuing my education in an open distance learning environment is not going to be easy.First and foremost, balancing my online learning endeavor together with maintaining my regular life commitments involving family matters, my job and social interactions is expected to be challenging. In order to overcome these challenges, I intend to create appropriate enabling environment for my online learning experience without too much disruptions affecting my way of life. To achieve my objectives, I may have to compromise on some of my social interactions, weekend retreats and hobbies.Establishing ap propriate time and place for reading, comprehensions and conducting my regular assignments to stay on truck are critical success factors that enrich my new online learning experience. While I possess extensive experience using technology (computers and the Internet), acquiring reliable and sustainable communication bandwidth for Internet access is essential. This can be achieved by upgrading my current communication link to a reasonable but robust speed. Furthermore, working in a mobile environment will allow to use the Internet from anywhere at any time.To excel in all of my online courses, I realize that making enough preparation to work in technology environment is critical. Accomplishing weekly assignments alone may not be enough to learn more and retain knowledge. I intend to widen my online learning experience with some extra work in order to retain extra knowledge to achieve my goals. Furthermore, establishing good communication and interaction with my instructors, advisors a nd peers is vital to learn more and share knowledge.

Coring preparation, preservation, and handling Research Paper

Coring preparation, preservation, and handling - Research Paper Example When seeking to form a description of a core, it is essential that one place the lay out of the core on a table. This will be essential in checking the amount of the core and compare it to the coring report so as to ensure no core material was lost during the transportation process (Fjar, Holt, Raaen, Risnes, and Horsrud 125). In case of any alterations or damage, it is important to note such details. The numbering placed on the containers should be noted against the cumulative depth reported. This then creates a better understanding of the core, and offers a chance to check on the orientation and continuity with respect to the top of the core. If the records show the downhole gamma-ray logs, then it would be advisable to verify the same by comparing the to the core gamma-ray logs. This verifies the consistency of the cored interval depths with the log depths. The core features such as composition, texture, color, and porosity types should also be noted. After getting this information, the cutting of stabilized or unstabilized cores will depend on the plug sample methods or the plunge cut technique. This will prepare it for preservation (Fjar, Holt, Raaen, Risnes, and Horsrud 127). The purpose of preservation is to maintain the chemical and physical properties inherent in the cores as close as possible to the reservoir data. The impact noted should be in relation to the intended utility of the core afterwards. The failure to create an impermeable barrier around the sample could lead to wettability alterations, loss of interstitial water, precipitation of the salts, and damage to the mineral fabric (Morton-Thompson and Woods 105). The methods of preservation differ depending on the intended achievements. Six methods have been developed which include sealing the core in airtight metal-cans, dry ice freezing, plastic bag seals, using plastic, steel, or aluminum tubes to seal, wrapping in plastic tape or metal foil, as well as using plastic coatings. Notably,

Accident investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Accident investigation - Essay Example Furthermore, it acts to fulfil the legal framework and guidelines set aside by the Roads and Safety Department. Lastly, it act to prevent any blame via establishment of the causative agent of the accident, and therefore, mitigating it in case of any occurrence in future. In case of serious cases that my necessitate compensation, a final report is drawn out and forwarded to the insurance firms. The National Transportation Safety Board possess the mandate to conduct investigations to conducting all the civil aviation accidents. Additionally, they do control any release of hazardous materials in the environment in the course of transportation activities. The board has been accused of being quite hazy in implementation of its activities, hence leading to persistent occurrences of accidents. However, there is a need to intensify their investigation activities, both pre and post incident occurrences. The team should work together to prevent any occurrence of accidents by ensuring that no driver is intoxicated with alcohol and other drugs as they drive. The set policies such as speed limits, vehicles maintenance, roads, air, and rail maintenance should undergo regular checks and evaluations to ensure that they are up-to-date. Those caught with dangerous driving should receive heavy fines. Most significantly, the teams dealing with the causes of accident should be rich in skills, so that they may not assume even a single idea leading to the cause of the accident. Adoption of a strategic plan with number of accidents reduction should be in place. All these will aim at ensuring that NTSB remains reactive in the roles (Invest in Transportation,

Organic is the solution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organic is the solution - Research Paper Example Over the years, consumer behavior has been observed that seeks low prices for food items as consumers spend more money frequently on food items as compared to any other product. This has created a huge demand for inorganic foods in the market. The purpose of this report is to provide useful information about the use and availability of organic food items. In this action research report, findings from a personal visit to Wal-Mart store are presented regarding availability and other factors affecting sale of organic foods. This would allow generalization of findings related to lower demand for organic foods and also, set out recommendations for boosting their consumption. A general understanding about organic foods is that they cost more than inorganic foods to purchase. There are several reasons for organic foods to be more expensive. These are not only related to the cost of production, but also to various factors, which indirectly affect production of organic foods. Limited availabi lity of land restricts supply, which causes rises in price. Low turnover per employee working on the farm results in higher costs of production. Limited supply has direct effect on the transportation and distribution costs (FAO). In the US, organic food producers are required to obtain a certificate from US Department of Agriculture, which is very expensive to attain. The pre-requisites of this certificate require producers to have new equipment and methods to ensure consumer safety and maintain the standards of quality (Canavari and Olson). This adds to the costs of producing organic foods. At Wal-Mart, the phenomenon of higher costs and pricing is observed. The data for different food items both organic and non-organic are compared and it is clear that for the same product the price of organically produced item is higher than that of non-organic foods. For example, at Wal-mart, Avocados-Hass (non-organic) is sold at a price of $0.99 per unit; whereas, the price of Avocados-Hass (o rganic) is $1.61 per unit. It has been noted that all food retailers including major supermarkets or corner shops display and sell inorganic foods with limited space provided for organic foods. The display of organic food items in the store plays an important role in attracting customers. Since, the consumer choice of organic items is limited therefore, it is important for retailers to invest in adjusting designs of their stores to display organic items clearly. All major retail markers have clearly designated areas for shelving organic items. Although, Wal-Mart has clearly placed signs for organic items, but genetically modified products are also shelved very near to organic food items, which often confuses consumers and they end buying products that are not organic. Moreover, there is a lack of marketing and advertisements of organic products in the store. In comparison, non-organic products and brands are displayed in visible areas of the store. There is a common agreement on the view that organic food items are beneficial for humans as they are free from industrial chemicals and preservatives, which increase the age of non-organic food items (Givens; Langley). However, there is a limitation to this as the shelf life of organic food items is short. Since, the supply of organic food items is slower as compared to the demand therefore it becomes difficult for stores to replenish their empty shelves. For retail stores, empty shelves are considered as their loss as unsatisfied customers shift to other retail

Ricci v. DeStefano Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ricci v. DeStefano - Essay Example disparate impact† in relation to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, arguments that urge courts to be "color blind" in their deliberations, and the concept of "narrowly tailored" court-ordered remedies for discrimination. â€Å"Disparate impact† can be defined as a theory used to prove discrimination in employment. It forbids employers from using certain employment practices that are non-discriminatory in their intentions, but can still disproportionately affect people belonging to certain groups with regards to race, age, sex, ethnicity or disability. Fish, (2009) argues that although the law considers the use of tests to evaluate job applicants a useful measure, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act does not allow use of tests solely to promote firefighters unless it relates to job performance. For instance, the test used by the city of New Haven, did not test a firefighter’s ability to lead or supervise others in the line of duty; hence, caused a disparate impact. â€Å"Color blind† refers to making judicial decisions without regards to race. According to Fish (2009), the race of the federal judges is likely to affect the result of cases especially in issues relating to racial harassment in the workplace. Thus, the courts are urged to be color blind in order to have an efficient judicial decision making process that does not discriminate individuals based on race. â€Å"Narrowly tailored† refers to drafting something in order to meet the needs of a certain party. In this case, â€Å"narrowly tailored† refers to the ability of the court to draft certain concepts in the case in order to provide a solution to discrimination. For instance, the court rejected New Haven’s reasoning claiming that the fear of legal action cannot be used as an excuse by an employer’s dependence on race to the disadvantage of other firefighters who performed well in the test and qualified to be promoted (Fish, 2009). This court decision goes against Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

G Protein Coupled Receptor Function in Bipolar Disorder Type Research Proposal

G Protein Coupled Receptor Function in Bipolar Disorder Type - Research Proposal Example The paper tells that bipolar disorder is a complex psychiatric disease having genetic basis. This is mainly due to the chemical imbalance bipolar disorder affects up to 3 percent of the total population. According to World Health Organization report of 2001, bipolar disorder stands fifth for the cause of disability among the adults. Male and female are affected by this disease in equal ratio. This disease can develop at any age and takes several years for complete development in the individual. Bipolar disorder is a family disease. It is the combination of stigma, disability and cognitive impairment. Depression causes the emergence of this disease in people. The lacks of neurotransmitters at the brain are found to be associated with the bipolar disorder. The symptoms of bipolar disorder are elevated mood, different thoughts, pressurized speech, less need for sleep, increase in the goal directed activity, poor judgment and tangential speech. Bipolar disorder is associated with long te rm morbidity, co morbidity, disability and increased mortality rates due to suicide accidents etc. G- Protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprises a super family of cell membrane receptors with many common features having a single polypeptide with many membrane spanning domains. GPCRS have seven transmembrane proteins with hetero-trimers. There is an alpha sub unit which binds to guanine nucleotides. GPCRs play important role in the development and regulation of cellular physiology. They participate in the diversified physiological functions and are the targets of many drugs. The ligands are very diverse such as amides, peptides, proteins, lipids, nucleotides and photons. GPCRs have many alternating signalling pathways and interact mainly with the proteins such as arrestins and kinases. 90% of the nonsensory GPCRs are present in the brain and they play many important neuronal functions. There are five dopamine receptors D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 divided into two groups based on the seque nce and functional similarities. D1 like (D1 and D5) and D2 like (D2, D3, D4). (Pompili et al., 2011).These dopamine receptors are believed to be involved in the brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, addiction, and Huntington’s disease. The D4 receptor is activated by the dopamine receptor present in the brain. The mutations in the GPCRs have resulted in a number of diseases in human. The mutations may be activating mutations or inactivating mutations. D1, D2 are shown to have a greater interaction with the bipolar disorder. All the antipsychotic drugs block the dopamine D2 receptors and are

Business Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Ethics - Assignment Example At several instances, firms face acute dilemma regarding their functioning, which leaves them perplexed towards making further decision and then these rules help them to take the correct step which is morally acceptable. Now questions might arise concerning what should be the moral standards of a person or organization. Moral standards are different for different situations. It should be given more priority than any other standards related to an organization, which includes self interest even. The guidelines specified for setting moral standards are the basic conventional norms against killing, lying, stealing, cheating etc. which hurts human wellbeing & promotes negative behavior across the society. Providing the employees with safe working conditions is also considered as an integral ethical part of the Organization. There is no rulebook regarding the ethical & moral standards because it’s something which is very obviously expected from a person, as moral is a part of human nature & they are expected to apply it when doing business with other individuals. (Shaw, 2010, pp.8-9) Ethical Theories The purpose behind setting up a theory can belong to several contexts addressing various issues. Each theory has its own logic & each of those are applicable in situations based on which they have been formed. It must be kept in mind that a particular theory might prove to be perfect for a certain framework but it might not suit a completely different situation. Therefore we will discuss here the three main theories of business ethics which are more or less applicable in every situation- 1. Deontological theory- The term Deontology is derived from the Greek word â€Å"Deon† which means duty. This class of theory puts more emphasis on the deed instead of the consequence & states that even if the outcome of an activity is good, still some acts are considered to be wrong always. According to this theory, an action is judged to be ethical or unethical on the ba sis of the intentions of the doer & our actions should be based on the set of rules irrespective of the outcome. There are many theories under the Deontology approach but the most significant one is the moral theory suggested by Immanuel Kant in the year 1788. According to Kant, as human beings possess the unique sense of reasoning therefore they should be totally obliged to their duties without letting emotions, results & other factors to interfere. This indicates that the motivation for actions should be totally dependent on obligation & not on a particular person or situation. (GULCAN, n.d., pp.1-4) 2. Teleological theory- â€Å"Teleology† comes from the Greek expression â€Å"Tales† that refers to goal or end. The Teleological class of theory defines an action to be right or wrong depending on the consequence it bears. Unlike the Deontology approach, this approach puts significant amount of focus on the outcome of an action. Here whether an act is right or wrong is totally decided by the output it delivers & not by the action. This theory showcases the following features Outcomes are important, intentions are insignificant An act is considered to be good only if its results are good Standards & rules are insignificant. (Sunita, 2005,pp.113-119) 3. Natural Law Theory- This law defines every

Media analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media analysis - Essay Example They often perceive that marriage is the only way that a man and woman may get to know each other sexually (MacQueen, 2003). That was God’s wish. However, today, it is not hard to see even married couples looking for pleasure outside their marriage. That is the aim of this poster. It is not fair to assume that it is promoting promiscuity rather trying to find a safe way in which people engaging in sex, have the safest method to do this. From a gender perspective, it is likely to hear very many judgemental things about this poster. The first thing that will be talked about will be the girl’s willing nature to get to the point of getting in the poster. Society has a mentality about how women or girls should behave. They do this not knowing that they have a part to play in the growing of society as much as the male species (Nelson, 1999). A gender perspective can be termed as the analysis of a situation, mostly sociological, based on the sex of the parties involved. In the above poster, there is the presence of both sexes. The male position in such a poster is considered as being normal (Nelson, 2001). However, the female role is looked at as being wrong. When a woman is seen to appear in such poster and/or advertisements, it is often attributed to where she is coming from. It is often understood that they are as a result of broken homes. For example, an alcoholic and abusive father, a mother who does not pay attention to her and all sorts of things (Okely, 1996). This is a common misconception that many people in society have. It is otherwise known as stereotyping. Not all people who appear in such advertisements came from such homes. Some people appear in them due to the feeling of creating change among their peers. It is some of these thoughts that are often misconstrued. Society thinks that they are out to benefit themselves or to make their parents feel guilty for something. The generation present now is referred to as the microwave

Human rights constitutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human rights constitutions - Essay Example The intention of this study is government of a Republic of China that is not only reliable to have duties and powers but also imposes national constitutions containing various provisions which guarantee fundamental human rights of citizens and helps in strengthening relationships between state and individual. One of the main constitutions enforced in China instituting human rights is the People Republic of China. It is commonly known as People Republic of China Constitution, with no exemptions. However, some legitimate rights in China do not provide any guarantee which is worthless. Though presently it is enforced, in spite of fact either someone will be able to take judicial remedies, regardless of identifying by whom or how it will be committed, this is entirely a different issue. It is imperative to identify that either there should be a mechanism in China to enhance the effective enforcement of rights protected by constitution. Unless and until this is enforced, constitution will not result in a working or living element of social reality. Therefore in order to study the importance of these things in China it is imperative to identify effectual mechanism of constitutional enforcement, studying the relationship of politics and law which influences the progress of constitutional development tin China. China requires redesigning its constitutional reforms and should give more importance to the regime. (Abbott K W, 2000). 1.2 Human rights Human rights policy in China is based on two pillars. First is the system where member of states negotiate with the commissioner on human rights which was established in 1946 by social and economic council. Second is human rights treaty body and conventions which states commits through legal rectification and actions. This human rights policy has supported the state in protecting and promotion of citizens. Value oriented human rights practiced by China have laid the principles of statehood such as ethnicity, nation, culture, i deology and religion. It serves as a constrain between arbitrary and state hegemony, by protecting individuals rights and provides the foundation of building a relationship among citizens and states. It is the cornerstone for establishing constitutions in relation to human rights which are determined by international law and in public. It includes both WTO rules and ILO standards. Thus, human rights are highly controversial and political. All states are requires to protect and respect human rights and should do everything to fulfill their desires. In recent general assembly in China, stressed on the fact that these rights are indivisible, universal, interdependent, interconnected and mutually reinforcing. All states irrespective of differences in cultural, political and economic perspectives should protect and promote human rights. The human rights treaty body imposes China legal system to comply with the monitoring committees in order to ensure effectiveness in the system. State is obliged to submit a periodic report on treaty bodies, in order to review their objectives, present situation and supply assistance at national level. This will help to monitor the entire system effectively and to propose relevant changes in it (Dong Zhenang, 2000). 1.3 The importance of constitutionalizing human rights Importance of constitutionalizing human rights has increased in almost all the countries. Almost all the countries in the world have their own national constitutions. They not only emphasize on the rules and regulations led by the government but also emphasizes on legitimate obligations and rights of citizens. In relation to Chinese constitutional law all parties such as enterprises, state organs, individuals and political

Critical analysis of the Lottery Essay Example for Free

Critical analysis of the Lottery Essay Overall Shirley Jackson discusses the movement of the setting, the unusual foreshadowing, and the outermost symbolism in The Lottery to give an overall point of view of the story. Even though a small village made seem peaceful, and a good place to raise a family, it is not always what it seems to be. The reader is about to enter a world with ritualistic ceremony and religious orthodoxy in The Lottery. The Lottery takes place on a clear and sunny summer morning around June 27 in a small village with about three hundred villagers gathering together in the central square for the annual lottery. As a child Shirley Jackson was interested in writing; she won a poetry prize at age twelve, and in high school she keeps a diary to record her writing progress. In 1937 she entered Syracuse University, where she published stories in the student literary magazine. Despite her busy life as a wife and a mother of four children, she wrote every day on a disciplined schedule. The Lottery is one of Jacksons best-known works. In The Lottery Shirley Jackson will discusses the movement of the setting, unusual foreshadowing and outermost symbolism to give us an overall point of view from the story. When one thinks of a lottery, one imagines winning a large sum of money. Shirley Jackson uses the setting in The Lottery to foreshadow an ironic ending. The peaceful and tranquil town described in this story has an annual lottery every June 27 early part of 1800s in a small village with 300 people (456). Setting is to describe time and place of the story. The story occurs around ten oclock (456). This is an unusual time because in most towns all the adults would be working during mid-morning. In the lottery an ironic ending is also foretold by the towns setting being described as one of normalcy. The town square is described as being between the post office and the bank (456). Every normal town has these buildings, which are essential for day-to-day functioning. Throughout the story little parts of setting are being told, to give a clearer picture for a better understanding of the story. Jackson foreshadows a surprise ending. Foreshadowing is to hint of something  that would follow with the story. As the story continues the reader is told that school has let out for the summer, and yet the feeling of liberty sits uneasily with the children (456), which is strange, for no normal kid would be anything less than ecstatic over summer break. Finally, the children are said to be building a pile of stones in one corner of the square (456), which is a very strange game for children to play. All of these hints indicate that something strange and unexpected is going to happen, and they all will make sense once we discuss the storys final outcome. Symbolism is also a strong element of the story. The introduction of the black box carried by Mr. Summer (456) is a key turning point showing symbolism, which is anything in a story that represents something else, giving the awful ominous answers to all those foreshadowing hints. When the black box is brought in, its said to be a tradition that no one liked to upset. The villagers kept their distance from the box, as though they feared it (461). More and more the towns peculiarity begins to become apparent. For an example, the names of certain residents hit at the irony and unfavorable events to come. From the authors extravagant detailing of the town, one would expect this lottery to be a chance for one lucky family to win some money. Instead, the winners prize is death-by stoning In the story Tessie won the prize when Bill, her husband, forced the paper out of her hand (461). The portrayal of the residents at the end of the story is disturbingthey go about killing the winner ritualistically, trying to finish quickly. (461). They show no empathy at alltheyre simply following an ancient ritual. Overall Shirley Jackson discusses the movement of the setting, the unusual foreshadowing, and the outermost symbolism in The Lottery. The lesson in this story hits pretty hard. The Lotterys relationship to real life is that sometimes we are presented with traditions that have been adhered to for as long as anyone can remember, and we forget the reason these customs were created in the first place. The problem is that circumstances can change and make these traditions outdated, useless, and even harmful. Overall the main point of the story is that ignorant and indulgent believers can bring death to an innocent person, so therefore we must re-evaluate our traditions; otherwise were just letting ourselves be stoned.